Table 6. Univariate analyses of factors associated with cardiovascular involvement in connective tissue disease.

Variable	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	p value
Age	1.043	(1.029–1.058)	< 0.001
Female	1.107	(0.679–1.807)	0.683
Disease duration > 2 yr	1.845	(1.138–2.992)	0.013
Smoke exposure	0.900	(0.484–1.673)	0.738
Alcohol use	0.995	(0.532–1.863)	0.988
Diabetes	2.899	(1.373–6.121)	0.005
Hypertension	2.930	(1.778–4.828)	< 0.001
Hyperlipidemia	1.336	(0.900–1.983)	0.151
ILD	2.432	(1.623–3.646)	< 0.001
Alveolar score	1.537	(1.061–2.226)	0.023
Interstitial score	0.993	(0.669–1.475)	0.972
BMI	1.141	(1.068–1.217)	< 0.001
Systolic pressure	1.026	(1.016–1.036)	< 0.001
Diastolic pressure	1.017	(1.002–1.033)	0.028
CRP	1.011	(1.000–1.022)	0.045
Albumin	0.984	(0.951–1.018)	0.342
Total cholesterol	1.088	(0.942–1.255)	0.251
HDL-C	1.557	(0.868–2.794)	0.138
LDL-C	1.085	(0.904–1.301)	0.381
Triglyceride	1.108	(0.919–1.337)	0.282
Glucose	1.251	(1.094–1.432)	0.001
Uric acid	1.003	(1.001–1.005)	0.004
Immunoglobulin G	0.999	(0.971–1.027)	0.920
Antinuclear antibody positive	1.078	(0.690–1.686)	0.741
Glucocorticoid use	0.947	(0.553–1.622)	0.843
Moderate to high dose	1.798	(1.114–2.900)	0.016
Continuous use > 1 yr	1.314	(0.876–1.971)	0.187
Immunosuppressive agents use	0.542	(0.275–1.072)	0.079

BMI: body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ILD: interstitial lung disease; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Notes: Disease duration measured from the day diagnosed; moderate- to high-dose glucocorticoid: > 1 mg/kg/d prednisone; glucocorticoid use at anytime for > 2 wk.