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Molecular mechanism of the mammalian circadian clock. period (per1/2) and cryptochrome (cry1/2) genes are rhythmically transcribed by CLOCK:BMAL1 dimers. RORA and REV-ERBα rhythmically regulate BMAL1. Post-translational modification by casein kinases (CK1 enzymes) and GSK3β control the degradation of clock proteins. Altogether, this cycle occurs approximately every 24 h
