Table III.

Efficacy of 34 HIV Interventions at Improving Condom Use as a Function of Sample and Study Characteristics.

Features of studies	d+ia	95% CI for d+i	β Valueb
Study Characteristics
Implementation			0.40*
Small groups (k = 16)	0.097	0.056, 0.14
Individual (k = 3)	0.27	0.18, 0.36
Mixed (individual & groups, k = 5)	0.14	0.065, 0.21
Couples (k = 3)	0.20	0.15, 0.26
Risk group			0.27*
Relatively low (k = 19)	0.11	0.078, 0.15
Relatively high (CSW, clients or IDUs, k = 10)	0.20	0.15, 0.24
Interval in days between pre- and post-test (k = 21)			−0.35**
30	0.23	0.17, 0.30
1095	−0.040	−0.15, 0.071
Type of Intervention
School-based			−0.33**
No (k = 15)	0.19	0.15, 0.22
Yes (k = 13)	0.088	0.042, 0.13
Components within Interventions
Condom distribution			0.30*
No (k = 15)	0.089	0.041, 0.14
Yes (k = 13)	0.18	0.15, 0.22
Behavioral components			0.28*
No (k = 15)	0.092	0.044, 0.14
Yes (k = 13)	0.18	0.14, 0.21
Health and behavioral components			−0.31*
No (k = 16)	0.18	0.14, 0.21
Yes (k = 11)	0.079	0.026, 0.13
Social-cultural components			0.32*
No (k = 25)	0.14	0.11, 0.17
Yes (k = 4)	0.53	0.29, 0.76
Bio/Social-cultural components			−0.31*
No (k = 19)	0.17	0.14, 0.21
Yes (k = 8)	0.063	0.0019, 0.12

Note. Weighted mean effect sizes (d_+is) are positive for improvements in the outcome studied and negative for impairments. Each model considers each meta-analysis feature independently rather than simultaneous with the other meta-analysis features.

^aDisplayed values are observations at representative values observed for the study dimension.

^bValues in this column are standardized regression coefficients. For categorical variables, the beta value was derived by taking the square root of the quotient of Q_Model divided by Q_Total (which results in R²). d_+i = Weighted mean effect size. k = Number of studies.

^**p < 0.001,

^*p < 0.01