Table 1.

Patient Populations at High Risk of Opioid Overdose-Related Death.

Recent hospitalization for opioid overdose or poisoning

History of injection drug use

Suspected or confirmed heroin abuse or nonmedical opioid abuse

Enrolled in buprenorphine or methadone maintenance or detoxification program

High-dose opioid prescription (>100 mg morphine equivalents per day) Use of extended-release or long-acting opioid preparations

Any opioid prescription and known: smoking, COPD, emphysema, asthma, sleep apnea, or other respiratory system  disease; alcohol use; concurrent benzodiazepine use

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.