Figure 5.

Echocardiographic aortic valve function assessment during continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) support. Various degrees of aortic valve (AV) opening with CF-LVAD support. M-mode images of aortic valve (AV) opening patterns in three different patients with HeartMate II devices. (A) Normal, consistent AV opening (solid yellow arrow). (B) Intermittent and variable partial AV opening (broken yellow arrow) and closure (broken red arrow). (C) Complete AV closure (red arrows). Reprinted from Estep et al. with permission of the publisher. Copyright ©2010 Elsevier.14