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Algorithm for continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) persistent heart failure symptom evaluation. *In the presence of fused or indistinct E and A signals, two of three parameters must be met and concordant. **Other echo findings are nondiagnostic (e.g., no pericardial effusion). Augmentation in heart failure medical therapy and/or increase pump speed should be discussed with the implanting LVAD heart team. Reproduced by permission Estep et al.15
