Figure 3.

Comparison of cytotoxic effects on A549 after 4 h stimulation with different aSNPs (–plain, –NH₂, –COOH; 5–100 µg/mL, uc: untreated control) in combination with (light grey columns) and without (dark grey columns) lung surfactant (Alveofact, 0.04 mg/mL). A: Cell viability (mitochondrial activity, MTS, % of uc); B: cell viability (crystal violet staining of nuclei, cell loss measurement, % of uc); C: LDH release (membrane integrity, % of lysis control). Data are depicted as means ± S.D. of 3 independent experiments with n = 3. For statistical analysis two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post test was conducted. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the untreated control.