Table 1.

Endotoxin induces time- and dose-dependent changes in peripheral blood leukocytes.

	0 hr	3 hr 6 hr 24 hr
Total cells × 109/liter
1 ng/kg	6.8 ±0.7	11.4±0.7	10.9 ±1.0	6.8 ±0.9
0.5 ng/kg	6.0 ±0.4	11.5±0.7	10.9 ±1.0	6.8 ±0.9
0.1 ng/kg	6.0 ±0.9	7.3 ±0.9	8.4 ±0.6	6.2 ±0.8
Placebo	6.9 ±0.8	8.3 ±0.4	8.0 ±0.5	7.5 ±1.1
Neutrophils, %
1 ng/kg	55.9±4.7	92.7±1.2	86.8±1.9	57.6±4.3
0.5 ng/kg	59.2±5.3	87.0±2.6	82.9±4.5	56.2±1.7
0.1 ng/kg	58.9±7.4	76.0±4.7	73.3±2.2	61.5±5.5
Placebo	62.5±2.5	70.5±6.3	67.7±4.6	60.3±25.5
Monocytes, %
1 ng/kg	7.9±1.2	2.3±0.9	5.1±0.4	8.4±0.9
0.5 ng/kg	8.0±0.7	3.8±1.4	6.9±1.3	9.4±2.0
0.1 ng/kg	7.2±1.1	6.7±0.5	5.4±1.2	7.7±1.5
Placebo	7.0±0.9	5.6 ±0.9	6.1±0.8	7.2 ±1.0
Lymphocytes, %
1 ng/kg	26.4±12.3	9.5±3.7	5.3±1.7	29.4±3.2
0.5 ng/kg	30.4±5.8	7.7±2.1	9.6±3.1	31.6±3.7
0.1 ng/kg	31.2±6.4	16.2±4.2	19.2±2.7	28.4±4.2
Placebo	27.0±1.7	21.2±4.6	23.1±3.5	29.1±5.1

Blood samples were obtained at baseline (time 0) and at 3, 6 and 24 hours from subjects after challenge with endotoxin at 1 ng/kg, 0.5 ng/kg or 0.1 ng/kg (n=5 per group). Control subjects (placebo) were administered saline (n=4). Total leukocyte and differential blood cell counts were determined by the clinical laboratory at the university hospital. Two-way repeated-measures analyses of variance were performed relative to placebo group. Changes in total leukocyte count were significant at p≤0.0002 for subjects challenged with endotoxin at 1 ng/kg or 0.5 ng/kg. For both neutrophils and lymphocytes the effects were at significant at p≤0.02 for subjects challenged with endotoxin at1 ng/kg or 0.5 ng/kg. The changes in monocyte counts were not significant for either the 1 ng/kg or 0.5 ng/kg doses. The changes in total leukocyte and differential cell counts were not significant for subjects challenged with endotoxin at 0.1 ng/kg.