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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hum Psychopharmacol. 2014 Nov 5;30(1):42–51. doi: 10.1002/hup.2449

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics among high school seniors in the United States: Past-year nonmedical users of prescription stimulants vs. overall population

Demographic characteristics Overall
population of
high school seniors
% (SE)
Past-year nonmedical
users of prescription
stimulants without co-
ingestion
% (SE)
Past-year nonmedical
users of prescription
stimulants with co-
ingestion
% (SE)
Non-co-ingestion versus
co-ingestion prescription
stimulant users
p-value
Sex
 Male
 Female

47.3 (0.6)
52.7 (0.6)

30.0 (3.4)
70.0 (3.4)

46.7 (2.7)
53.3 (2.7)

F(1,694)=13.5,
p < 0.001
Race
 White
 Black
 Other/Not specified/Missing

61.8 (0.5)
10.1 (0.3)
28.1 (0.5)

73.9 (3.2)
5.1 (1.6)
21.0 (3.0)

71.1 (2.3)
0.8 (0.4)
28.0 (2.3)

F(1.96,1557.91)=7.2,
p < 0.001
Geographical region
 West
 North Central/Midwest
 South
 Northeast

20.1 (0.4)
24.8 (0.5)
34.8 (0.5)
20.3 (0.4)

17.4 (2.7)
19.3 (2.8)
42.6 (3.6)
20.8 (2.7)

15.9 (1.9)
26.0 (2.2)
38.1 (2.5)
20.1 (1.9)
NS
Urbanicity
 Rural
 Suburban/Urban

46.7 (0.6)
53.3 (0.6)

47.0 (4.0)
53.0 (4.0)

51.0 (2.9)
49.0 (2.9)

NS
Average grades
 C or worse
 B’s
 A’s

18.4 (0.4)
46.8 (0.6)
34.8 (0.5)

18.6 (2.8)
49.5 (3.8)
31.9 (3.5)

27.7 (2.5)
50.6 (2.8)
21.7 (2.4)

F(2,1332.44)=4.32,
p < 0.05
College plans
 Probably/definitely won’t
 Probably/definitely will

19.0 (0.5)
81.0 (0.5)

19.3 (3.2)
80.7 (3.2)

26.6 (2.6)
73.4 (2.6)

NS
Nonmedical use onset
 6th or below
 7th grade
 8th grade
 9th grade
 10th grade
 11th grade
 12th grade

--
--
--
--
--
--
--

0.0 (0.0)
2.9 (1.5)
7.6 (2.6)
18.8 (3.9)
17.9 (3.5)
27.8 (3.9)
25.1 (3.8)

2.4 (0.9)
2.5 (0.9)
8.4 (1.7)
24.1 (2.7)
27.4 (2.8)
22.1 (2.4)
13.1 (2.0)

F(5.91,66676.49)=2.64
p < 0.05

NS = non-significant p < 0.05, --not applicable