Table 2.
Association Between Neighborhood Physical Disorder and Insomnia Symptoms
| Model 1, ORa (95% CI) | Model 2, ORb (95% CI) | Model 3, ORc (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trouble Falling Asleep | |||
| No | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Yes | 1.11*** (1.08–1.15) | 1.10*** (1.05–1.15) | 1.09*** (1.04–1.14) |
| Wald test (χ2) | 351.9 | 388.4 | 419.2 |
| Trouble Waking Up During Night | |||
| No | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Yes | 1.05* (1.01–1.08) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) |
| Wald test (χ2) | 173.9 | 191.8 | 227.5 |
| Trouble Waking Up Too Early | |||
| No | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Yes | 1.08*** (1.05–1.12) | 1.05* (1.01–1.11) | 1.05* (1.00–1.10) |
| Wald test (χ2) | 157.6 | 223.1 | 246.0 |
Notes: OR=Odds Ratio; CI=Confidence Interval; GEE analyses were weighted by survey weights.
a
Model 1 (n=6930) controls for age, income, race, education, and sex.
b
Model 2 (n=3894–3896) controls for variables in Model 1 plus BMI, depressive symptoms, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
c
Model 3 (n=3877–3879) controls for variables in Model 2 plus hypertension, heart condition (heart attack, coronary heart disease, angina, etc.), stroke, diabetes, cancer, and arthritis.
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001