Tenocytes |
Inconspicuous elongated, spindle-shaped nuclei with no obvious cytoplasm on light microscopy |
Increased roundness: nucleus becomes more ovoid-to-round in shape without conspicuous cytoplasm |
Increased roundness and size: the nucleus is round and slightly enlarged, and a small amount of cytoplasm is visible |
Nucleus is round and large with abundant cytoplasm and lacuna formation (chondroid change) |
Ground substance (relied on the quantity of bluish amorphous “myxoid” material seen in the tendon on hematoxylin and eosin staining) |
No myxoid material |
Myxoid material present in small quantities between discrete bundles |
Myxoid material present in moderate-to-large amounts with loss of demarcation of bundles |
Abundant myxoid material with loss of bundles |
Collagen (with and without polarized light) |
Collagen arranged in tightly cohesive, well-demarcated bundles with a smooth, dense, bright homogeneous polarization pattern with normal crimping |
Diminished fiber polarization: separation of individual fibers with maintenance of demarcated bundles |
Bundle changes: separation of fibers with loss of demarcation of bundles giving rise to expansion of the tissue overall and clear loss of normal polarization pattern |
Marked separation of fibers with complete loss of architecture |
Vascularity |
Inconspicuous blood vessels coursing between bundles |
Occasional cluster of capillaries, less than one per ten high-power fields |
1–2 clusters of capillaries per ten high-power fields |
Greater than two clusters per ten high-power fields |