Table 1.

Comparison of diosgenin production by acid hydrolysis and RDZ fermentation (n = 3)

Isolation methods	Isolation process	Diosgenin content (%)	DD	Heating treatment
Traditional method	Acid hydrolysis → neutralization → drying → diosgenin extraction	2.357 ± 0.399		95 °C, 4 h, for acid hydrolysis; 80 °C, 4 h, before diosgenin extraction
Direct biotransformation	Biotransformation → drying → diosgenin extraction	2.143 ± 0.113	0.96	80 °C, 4 h before diosgenin extraction
p value		0.167

DD diosgenin by biotransformation/diosgenin by acid hydrolysis