Table 1.
Demographic Information and Descriptive Statistics from Samples of People with HIV who Inject Drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia and Kohtla-Järve, Estonia
| St. Petersburg Sample | Kohtla-Järve Sample | Sample Comparison | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Mean (SD) or Count (%) | n | Mean (SD) or Count (%) | n | ||
| Age in Years | 32.92 (4.16) | 381 | 30.58 (4.23) | 288 | t=7.13, p<.001 |
|
| |||||
| Gender | 381 | 287 | Χ2=3.06, p=.08 | ||
| Male | 302 (79%) | 210 (73%) | |||
| Female | 79 (21%) | 77 (27%) | |||
|
| |||||
| Formal Education | 381 | 288 | Χ2=164.12, p<.001 | ||
| 9th grade or lower | 36 (9%) | 152 (53%) | |||
| Secondary education | 121 (32%) | 58 (20%) | |||
| Vocational education | 192 (50%) | 78 (27%) | |||
| Higher education | 32 (8%) | 0 (0%) | |||
|
| |||||
| Financial Difficulty | 378 | 285 | Χ2=104.56, p<.001 | ||
| Coping | 86 (23%) | 19 (7%) | |||
| Difficult | 239 (63%) | 127 (45%) | |||
| Very Difficult | 53 (14%) | 139 (49%) | |||
|
| |||||
| Frequency of Drug Usea | 21.50 (7.41) | 381 | 17.25 (9.09) | 288 | t=6.65, p<.001 |
|
| |||||
| Years Since First Use | 14.50 (4.44) | 380 | 12.81 (4.52) | 288 | t=4.83, p<.001 |
|
| |||||
| Internalized Drug Stigmab | 3.78 (1.01) | 381 | 3.53 (0.76) | 288 | t=2.15, p=.032 |
|
| |||||
| Internalized HIV Stigmab | 3.45 (1.00) | 381 | 3.67 (0.84) | 288 | t=3.13, p=.002 |
|
| |||||
| Anticipated Drug Stigmab | 3.87 (0.58) | 381 | 3.69 (0.49) | 288 | t=4.30, p<.001 |
|
| |||||
| Anticipated HIV Stigmab | 3.74 (0.67) | 381 | 3.71 (0.51) | 288 | t=0.75, p=.45 |
|
| |||||
| Depressive Symptomsc | 3.49 (0.89) | 381 | 3.54 (0.92) | 286 | t=0.77, p=.44 |
|
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| Subjective Health Ratingd | 58.88 (14.48) | 380 | 54.29 (16.41) | 284 | t=3.81, p<.001 |
|
| |||||
| CD4 Counte | 197 | 145 | Χ2=6.23, p=.013 | ||
| Less than 350 | 67 (33%) | 72 (46%) | |||
| 350 or Greater | 134 (67%) | 84 (54%) | |||
|
| |||||
| Symptom Countf | 2.62 (2.38) | 380 | 3.37 (2.02) | 287 | t=4.32, p<.001 |
|
| |||||
| Receiving Regular HIV Careg | 378 | 287 | |||
| Yes | 121 (32%) | 201 (70%) | |||
| No | 257 (68%) | 86 (30%) | |||
Frequency of drug use refers to the number of days participants indicated using drugs in the past four weeks, up to 28.
Stigma scales ranged from 1 (least stigma) to 5 (most stigma).
The depression scale ranged from 1 (least depressed) to 6 (most depressed).
The subjective health rating scale ranged from 0 (least healthy) to 100 (most healthy).
The mean CD4 count in St. Petersburg was 428.95 (SD=197.85). The mean in Kohtla-Järve was 387.24 (SD=238.73).
Participants reported the presence or absence of ten physical health problems commonly associated with HIV or with injection drug use, so counts could range from 0 to 10.
It is not meaningful to establish absolute differences between samples in rates of receiving regular HIV care, because “regular care” is defined differently in the two locations (see Measures section).