Table 5. Cytokine levels in subjects with high versus low physical activity determined by average number of steps during the wake-phase.
| Physical Activity determined by average number of steps | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Sample (N = 140) | Obese Sample (N = 80) | Non-Obese Sample (N = 60) | ||||||||||
| Low activity (≤ 8.600 steps) | High activity (> 8.600 steps) | ANOVA p-values B | ANCOVA p-values C | Low activity (≤ 6.800 steps) | High activity (> 6.800 steps) | ANOVA p-values B | ANCOVA p-values D | Low activity (≤ 11.000 steps) | High activity (> 11.000 steps) | ANOVA p-values B | ANCOVA p-values E | |
| Age | 40.99 ± 14.21 | 36.09 ± 12.10 | 0.0300 | - | 43.58 ± 13.78 | 40.43 ± 12.57 | 0.2887 | - | 30.70 ± 12.00 | 37.13 ± 11.88 | 0.0413 | - |
| BMI | 41.25 ± 11.22 | 29.14 ± 9.62 | <0. 0001 | - | 47.06 ± 7.82 | 41.16 ± 6.78 | 0.0005 | - | 23.63 ± 2.93 | 23.00 ± 3.01 | 0.4210 | - |
| IL-2 [pg/ml] A | 1.74 ± 1.11 | 1.34 ± 1.09 | 0.0324 | 0.2381 | 1.98 ± 1.07 | 1.29 ± 1.19 | 0.0078 | 0.0835 | 1.59 ± 1.04 | 1.25 ± 0.99 | 0.1951 | 0.2410 |
| IL-4 [pg/ml] A | 1.55 ± 0.52 | 1.41 ± 0.43 | 0.0817 | 0.3463 | 1.66 ± 0.57 | 1.36 ± 0.43 | 0.0076 | 0.0480 | 1.43 ± 0.41 | 1.42 ± 0.50 | 0.8608 | 0.9803 |
| IL-5 [pg/ml] A | 1.27 ± 0.63 | 1.06 ± 0.63 | 0.0519 | 0.9819 | 1.48 ± 0.54 | 1.18 ± 0.64 | 0.0298 | 0.1315 | 0.85 ± 0.65 | 1.06 ± 0.59 | 0.1822 | 0.1603 |
| IL-10 [pg/ml] A | 1.55 ± 1.01 | 1.01 ± 0.91 | 0.0012 | 0.0272 | 1.71 ± 0.79 | 1.08 ± 0.89 | 0.0012 | 0.0118 | 1.18 ± 1.22 | 1.06 ± 0.99 | 0.6809 | 0.6736 |
| IL-12 [pg/ml] A | 2.32 ± 1.00 | 1.85 ± 1.02 | 0.0062 | 0.1340 | 2.51 ± 0.86 | 1.96 ± 1.06 | 0.0130 | 0.0863 | 1.84 ± 1.19 | 1.94 ± 0.94 | 0.7162 | 0.6515 |
| IL-13 [pg/ml] A | 1.85 ± 0.66 | 1.46 ± 0.77 | 0.0017 | 0.0514 | 1.98 ± 0.65 | 1.55 ± 0.61 | 0.0029 | 0.0254 | 1.58 ± 0.64 | 1.43 ± 0.97 | 0.4870 | 0.5814 |
| GM-CSF [pg/ml] A | 3.48 ± 0.71 | 3.31 ± 0.56 | 0.1027 | 0.5645 | 3.57 ± 0.83 | 3.34 ± 0.53 | 0.1368 | 0.5224 | 3.29 ± 0.49 | 3.34 ± 0.60 | 0.7654 | 0.6935 |
| IFN- γ [pg/ml] A | 4.79 ± 0.59 | 4.53 ± 0.80 | 0.0306 | 0.3705 | 4.89 ± 0.66 | 4.67 ± 0.62 | 0.1203 | 0.4063 | 4.61 ± 0.47 | 4.37 ± 0.97 | 0.2204 | 0.3512 |
| TNF-α [pg/ml] A | 3.41 ± 0.64 | 3.16 ± 0.65 | 0.0206 | 0.2887 | 3.58 ± 0.68 | 3.20 ± 0.64 | 0.0125 | 0.0687 | 3.18 ± 0.57 | 3.12 ± 0.57 | 0.6876 | 0.7606 |
A all cytokines transformed using formula LN(X+1),
B ANOVA with activity group as factor,
C ANCOVA with activity group as factor and BMI as covariate,
D ANCOVA with activity group as factor and age & BMI as covariates,
E ANCOVA with activity group as factor and age as covariate, Bonferroni-correction for Multiple Testing: α(0.05) → p = .0055; α(0.01) → p = .0011.