Table 4. Comparison of biologics in patients with an insufficient response to cDMARD.

Biologic	Comparator	Study	ICER €/QALY (only direct costs)	Results of deterministic sensitivity analysis €/QALY	Source of research funding
IFX	ETN	Nguyen et al. 2012 [24]	ETN dominates	-	One of the authors was funded by UCB Pharma
	CER	Nguyen et al. 2012 [24]	CER dominates	-	One of the authors was funded by UCB Pharma
ADA	GOL	Nguyen et al. 2012 [24]	ADA dominates	-	One of the authors was funded by UCB Pharma
	ETN	Nguyen et al. 2012 [24]	ETN dominates	-	One of the authors was funded by UCB Pharma
	IFX	Chen et al. 2006 [28]	4,983—IFX is cost saving (ADA➔ cDMARDs)	-	NICE (UK)
	IFX	Chen et al. 2006 [28]	ADA dominates (cDMARDs➔ ADA)	-	NICE (UK)
ETN	IFX	Barton et al. 2004 [50]	68,373	42,760–88,266	NICE (UK)
	IFX	Jobanputra et al. 2002 [32]	109,297 (ETN➔ cDMARDs)	51,908–231,484 (ETN➔ cDMARDs)	NICE (UK)
	IFX	Jobanputra et al. 2002 [32]	101,714 (cDMARDs➔ETN)	30,597–180,270 (cDMARDs➔ ETN)	NICE (UK)
	IFX	Chen et al. 2006 [28]	38,541–47,884 (ETN➔ cDMARDs)	-	NICE (UK)
	IFX	Chen et al. 2006 [28]	23,553 (cDMARDs➔ ETN)	-	NICE (UK)
	ADA	Soini et al. 2012 [20]	ETN dominates	-	Roche
	ADA	Chen et al. 2006 [28]	35,621–61,315 (ETN➔ cDMARDs)	-	NICE (UK)
	ADA	Chen et al. 2006 [28]	22,579–30,755 (cDMARDs➔ ETN)	-	NICE (UK)
GOL	ETN	Nguyen et al. 2012 [24]	ETN dominates	-	One of the authors was funded by UCB Pharma
	CER	Nguyen et al. 2012 [24]	CER dominates	-	One of the authors was funded by UCB Pharma
CER	ETN	Nguyen et al. 2012 [24]	1 756,213	-	One of the authors was funded by UCB Pharma
TOC	ETN	Diamantopoulos et al. 2012 [33]	TOC dominates	TOC dominates—19,187	Roche
	ETN	Soini et al. 2012 [20]	TOC dominates—6,673	-	Roche

➔ = switch to next treatment in case of an inadequate response, ADA = adalimumab, CER = certolizumab pegol, ETN = etanercept, GOL = golimumab, ICER = Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, IFX = infliximab, NICE = National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, QALY = quality-adjusted life year, TOC = tocilizumab