Fig. 4.

Induction of cyp-35A family gene expression by caffeine treatment. N2 worms synchronized at either the L1 larval stage (about 10,000 worms) or the L4 larval stage (about 500 worms) were cultured on NGM agar plates with or without 30 mM caffeine for 24 h at 20°C. Total RNA was extracted from the worms and expression levels of the cyp-35A family genes cyp-35A2, cyp-35A3, cyp-35A4, and cyp-35A5 were measured by qRT-PCR. The relative mRNA expression levels of each gene after caffeine treatment are shown as the average values of triplicate measurements from two independent experiments, normalized to that the expression of act-1. Expression levels were displayed as fold increase compared to the mRNA expression level of the same gene in the control worms without caffeine treatment using log 2 scales for the Y axis. ^*p < 0.05. ^†p > 0.05.