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Effects of PACAP on NF-κB activation in cultured podocyte. Podocytes were pretreated with 10 nM PACAP for 1 h and then stimulated with 0.1 μg/mL LPS for 30 min. Cells were fixed for immunocytochemistry for evaluation of nuclear translocation of NF-κB. * P < 0.01 versus control. ** P < 0.05 versus LPS. Experiments were repeated at least three times and bars represented mean ± SD. Arrowheads indicate the nuclear translocation of NF-κB.
