Table I.
Baseline characteristics of the schools, teachers, and students in the ‘Choice, Control and Change’ project
| Intervention | Control | U valueb (significance) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| School | n = 5 | n = 5 | |
| Class size | 25.7 | 27.6 | 6.5 (0.385) |
| Ethnicity | 25.9% African American | 44.8% African American | 4.0 (0.297) |
| 72.7% Hispanic | 52.5% Hispanic | ||
| % students eligible for free and reduced price lunch | 85.2% | 72.5% | 5.0 (0.221) |
| Reading score (1–5)a | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) | 12.5 (1.0) |
| Math score (1–5)a | 2.0 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.5) | 8.5 (0.339) |
| Teacher | n = 8 | n = 7 | |
| Age categoryb | 1.4 | 2.0 | 16.5 (0.460) |
| Total years of teaching | 2.3 (1.6) | 3.3 (1.9) | 17.0 (0.319) |
| Student | n = 562 | n = 574 | |
| Grades | 9% sixth grade | 100% seventh grade | NA |
| 91% seventh grade | |||
| Gender | 51% boys | 51.7% boys | χ2 = 0.058 (0.809)c |
aReading and math scoring systems represent proportion of students who met standards on the state tests: 1 = 0–19%, 2 = 20–39%, 3 = 40–59%, 4 = 60–79%, 5 =>80%. bResponse options: 1 = 20 s, 2 = 30 s, 3 = 40 s, 4 = 50 s, 5 = 60 s. cResponse options: 1 = ∼1 year, 2 = 2 years, 3 = 3 years, 4 = 4 years, 5 = >5. dMann-Whitney U-statistic (significance). eChi-square statistic (significance).