Table II.
Behavioral outcomes by the ‘Teacher Implementation’ in the ‘Choice, Control and Change’ project
| Scale | Adjusted post mean (95% CI) |
P value for Omnibus test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 350) | Medium teacher implementation (n = 149) | High teacher implementation (n = 251) | ||
| Food choices | ||||
| Fruit at meals | ||||
| Days previous week (0–7) | 3.5 (3.2, 3.7) | 3.6 (3.2, 4.1) | 3.7 (3.4, 3.9) | 0.449 |
| Pieces per day (0–4)c | 2.0 (1.9, 2.1) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) | 2.0 (1.9, 2.2) | 0.630 |
| Fruit for snacks | ||||
| Days previous week (0–7) | 3.7 (3.4, 4.0) | 3.4 (2.9, 3.9) | 3.3 (3.0, 3.6) | 0.110 |
| Pieces per day (0–4)c | 2.3 (2.1, 2.4) | 2.1 (1.8, 2.4) | 2.0 (1.8, 2.4) | 0.057 |
| Vegetables at meals | ||||
| Days previous week (0–7) | 2.5 (2.2, 2.7) | 2.6 (2.2, 3.0) | 2.6 (2.4, 2.9) | 0.519 |
| Cups per day (0–4)c | 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) | 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) | 0.891 |
| Vegetables for snacks | ||||
| Days previous week (0–7) | 1.7 (1.5, 1.9) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.0) | 0.917 |
| Cups per day (0–4)c | 1.0 (.9, 1.1) | 1.1 (.9, 1.4) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 0.389 |
| Water at meals | ||||
| Days previous week (0–7) | 4.2 (4.0, 4.5) | 4.0 (3.6, 4.4) | 4.3 (4.0, 4.5) | 0.583 |
| 8-oz glasses per day (0–4)d | 1.9 (1.8, 2.0) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.1) | 2.1 (1.9, 2.2) | 0.172 |
| Water with snacks and in between | ||||
| How many days (0–7) | 4.0 (3.8, 4.3) | 3.6 (3.1, 4.0) | 3.8 (3.6, 4.1) | 0.222 |
| 8-oz glasses per day (0–4)d | 1.8 (1.7, 2.0) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.0) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.0) | 0.612 |
| Sweetened beverages (SB) at meals | ||||
| How many days (0–7) | 3.6 (3.4, 3.8)a | 3.1 (2.7, 3.5)a,b | 3.0 (2.8, 3.2)b** | 0.001 |
| Size (0–4)e | 1.7 (1.6, 1.8)a | 1.5 (1.3, 1.7)a,b | 1.4 (1.3, 1.5)b*** | <0.001 |
| SB with snacks | ||||
| How many days (0–7) | 3.9 (3.6, 4.1)a | 3.4 (3.0, 3.9)a,b | 3.2 (3.0, 3.5)b** | 0.003 |
| Size (0–4)e | 1.8 (1.7, 1.9)a | 1.7 (1.5, 1.9)a,b | 1.6 (1.4, 1.7)b** | 0.012 |
| Packaged snacks | ||||
| How many days (0–7) | 3.5 (3.3, 3.7)a | 3.1 (2.7, 3.4)a,b | 3.1 (2.9, 3.3)b* | 0.016 |
| Per day (0–4)d | 1.7 (1.6, 1.7) | 1.5 (1.4, 1.7) | 1.6 (1.5, 1.7) | 0.393 |
| Size (1–3)f | 1.6 (1.6, 1.7) | 1.5 (1.4, 1.6) | 1.5 (1.5, 1.6) | 0.171 |
| Fast food | ||||
| How many days (0–7) | 1.7 (1.5, 1.9) | 1.9 (1.6, 2.2) | 1.5 (1.5, 1.8) | 0.321 |
| Size (1–4)g | 2.0 (1.9, 2.1)a | 1.9 (1.8, 2.1)a,b | 1.8 (1.7, 1.9)b** | 0.001 |
| Value/combo meal (0–3)h | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4)a | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3)a,b | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2)b* | 0.047 |
| Healthier option (0–3)h | 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.4) | 1.5 (1.4, 1.6) | 0.057 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Purposely walking | ||||
| How many days (0–7) | 2.8 (2.6, 3.0)a | 3.5 (3.1, 3.9)b** | 3.3 (3.1, 3.5)b** | <0.001 |
| Speed (0–3)i | 1.5 (1.4, 1.6) | 1.6 (1.5, 1.8) | 1.6 (1.5, 1.7) | 0.051 |
| Purposeful stair climbing | ||||
| How many days (0–7) | 2.2 (2.0, 2.5)a | 3.2 (2.7, 3.7)b** | 3.0 (2.7, 3.3)b** | <0.001 |
| How many flights (0–4)j | 1.5 (1.4, 1.7)a | 1.9 (1.7, 2.2)b* | 1.9 (1.7, 2.0)b** | 0.003 |
| Screen time | ||||
| How many days (0–7) | 5.5 (5.3, 5.6)a | 5.0 (4.7, 5.3)b* | 4.9 (4.7, 5.1)b** | <0.001 |
Response options: c0 = 0, 1 = 1/2, 2 = 1, 3 = 2, 4 = >2. d0 = 0, 1 = 1, 2 = 2, 3 = 3, 4 = 4+. e0 = 0, 1 = <12 oz, 2 = 12 oz can, 3 = 20 oz bottle, 4 = >20 oz. f1 = small, 2 = medium, 3 = large. g1 = small, 2 = medium, 3 = large, 4 = x-large. h0 = never, 1 = rarely, 2 = sometimes, 3 = always. i0 = didn’t do, 1 = slow, 2 = medium, 3 = fast. j0 = 0, 1 = 1, 2 = 2–3, 3 = 4–5, 4 = 6+. ‘Teacher Implementation’ is a combination of ‘Faithfulness to the Curriculum’ and ‘Lesson Completion’. Bold text indicates P < 0.05. The Bonferroni adjustment was made for multiple comparisons. Letters (a, b) indicate significant differences among groups by post-hoc comparisons. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.