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. 2014 Jul 29;7:113. doi: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-113

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© Littlewood et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Net production MESPs and cost breakdown for bioethanol from SRC poplar by LHW (pattern) and DA (white) pretreatment processes in five European countries. (a) MESPs reflect final cost in each country after inclusion of credits from electricity generation. (b) MESP cost breakdowns are averaged from five countries. Error bars represent standard error for the five countries. Negative bars in combustion/turbogeneration reflect negative cost (profit) gained from electricity (after plant demand is satisfied). (MESP, Minimum ethanol selling price; SRC, short-rotation coppice; LHW, Liquid hot water; DA, dilute acid).

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