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. 2014 Oct 23;4:18. doi: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-18

Table 1.

Phenotypic measures in NBD-treated and untreated GRMD and normal dogs

Test Normal (Untreated) (n = 8) Normal (NBD-treated) (n = 3) GRMD (Untreated) (n = 10) GRMD (NBD-treated) (n = 6)
Age (months) Age (months) Age (months) Age (months)
  3 6 2 6 3 6 2 6
Body Mass (kg) 8.46 ± 0.632* 17.80 ± 0.441***,2*** 4.99 ± 1.83 21.10 ± 3.151* 7.36 ± 1.29 13.40 ± 2.201*** 3.60 ± 0.27 12.70 ± 2.811**
Absolute Tetanic Flexion Force (N) 9.51 ± 1.072*** 23.19 ± 2.201***,2*** 4.52 ± 1.82 25.75 ± 2.181** 3.85 ± 1.13 7.85 ± 1.981*** 2.05 ± 0.58 6.79 ± 1.131***
Body-mass Corrected Tetanic Flexion Force (N/kg) 1.12 ± 0.102*** 1.30 ± 0.131*,2*** 0.90 ± 0.042** 1.24 ± 0.19 0.53 ± 0.14 0.62 ± 0.18 0.57 ± 0.15 0.55 ± 0.13
Absolute Tetanic Flexion Torque (Nm) 1.08 ± 0.142*** 3.22 ± 0.351***,2*** 0.42 ± 0.24 3.65 ± 0.431** 0.43 ± 0.14 1.03 ± 0.231*** 0.17 ± 0.06 0.89 ± 0.181***
Body-mass Corrected Tetanic Flexion Torque (Nm/kg) 0.13 ± 0.012*** 0.18 ± 0.021***,2*** 0.08 ± 0.02 0.17 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 0.02 0.08 ± 0.02 0.05 ± 0.01 0.07 ± 0.021*
Absolute Tetanic Extension Force (N) 22.56 ± 2.762*** 46.43 ± 8.441***,2*** 13.46 ± 3.26 42.17 ± 7.461* 12.73 ± 2.12 18.47 ± 10.11 7.50 ± 2.09 34.30 ± 9.651**,2*
Body-mass Corrected Tetanic Extension Force (N/kg) 2.68 ± 0.382** 2.61 ± 0.492** 2.88 ± 1.10 2.00 ± 0.22 1.80 ± 0.52 1.56 ± 0.92 2.11 ± 0.70 2.70 ± 0.652*
Absolute Tetanic Extension Torque (Nm) 2.55 ± 0.372*** 6.44 ± 1.241***,2*** 1.20 ± 0.41 6.02 ± 1.381* 1.42 ± 0.23 2.46 ± 1.28 0.62 ± 0.16 4.55 ± 1.491**,2*
Body-mass Corrected Tetanic Extension Torque (Nm/kg) 0.30 ± 0.042*** 0.36 ± 0.072*** 0.25 ± 0.08 0.28 ± 0.04 0.20 ± 0.05 0.18 ± 0.10 0.21 ± 0.07 0.36 ± 0.081*,2**
ECD (%; 1-10) 13.68 ± 3.97 8.29 ± 2.881*,2** 13.36 ± 2.65 14.47 ± 7.31 13.97 ± 10.52 28.96 ± 18.07 16.12 ± 5.88 32.04 ± 13.46
ECD (%; 1-30) 26.80 ± 5.922* 17.86 ± 5.201*,2*** 33.44 ± 10.3 23.25 ± 17.4 36.51 ± 11.49 54.30 ± 14.731* 38.67 ± 10.34 54.48 ± 13.64
TTJ Angle (o) 167.9 ± 3.942*** 160.9 ± 3.401**,2* 161.7 ± 7.64 158.3 ± 2.08 159.40 ± 3.72 151.30 ± 10.19 157.00 ± 9.80 160.17 ± 8.84
Hip (Resting) 99.50 ± 5.10 104.4 ± 5.76 99.33 ± 1.15 103.0 ± 11.4 103.4 ± 8.96^ 109.6 ± 8.02 103.7 ± 2.94 100.2 ± 6.012*
Maximum Hip Flexion (o) 55.50 ± 8.86 59.00 ± 12.60 48.67 ± 7.77 53.33 ± 10.12 54.40 ± 7.50^ 68.60 ± 16.15 44.67 ± 5.47 46.33 ± 3.502**
Pelvic Angle (o) 43.75 ± 5.12 36.14 ± 5.982** 38.33 ± 1.53 40.33 ± 5.03 40.00# 48.30 ± 5.54 41.00 ± 6.81 36.83 ± 5.122**
CS Circumference (mm/kg) NA 2.09 ± 0.402*** NA 2.30 ± 0.49 NA 4.03 ± 1.04 NA 3.67 ± 0.65

Functional studies, chiefly TTJ tetanic force and pelvic limb joint angles, were assessed to demonstrate therapeutic benefit of NBD in GRMD dogs and potential effects in wild type dogs. N = Newtons; Nm = Newton meters; ECD = Eccentric contraction deficit; CS = Cranial Sartorius; TTJ = tibiotarsal joint.

^Data for only five GRMD dogs available at 3 mos.

#Data for only one GRMD dog available at 3 mos.

1Significantly different from 2/3 to 6 mos, same genotype; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

2Significantly different from GRMD natural history; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.