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Protein synthesis promotes ROS production and cell death. The shcon/LLCs and shGADD34/LLCs were treated by 25 μM acrolein with 10 μM MG132 and/or 1 μg/mL CHX or without these agents for 12 h. (a) ROS levels were measured by DCFH-DA fluorescence by flow cytometry. Right, mean fluorescence after subtracting autofluorescence. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. (b) Cells were stained with Annexin V-PE/7-AAD and then analyzed by flow cytometry. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.
