Table 5.

Effect of Education, Income, Smoking, and BMI on SRH: Results From a Growth Model: Canadian National Population Health Survey, 1994-2010^a

	β	S.E.
Predictors
Years of schooling (ref: <12 years)
16 years or above	7.39***	0.45
12-15 years	4.90***	0.35
Household income (ref: bottom quartile)
Missing	1.27	0.27
Top quartile (Q4)	4.47***	0.24
Q3	3.61***	0.22
Q2	2.87***	0.20
Smoking status (ref: current smokers)
Nonsmoker (never)	2.42***	0.29
Former	1.24	0.22
BMI categories (ref: normal)
Obese II	−6.50***	0.40
Obese I	−2.72***	0.27
Overweight	−0.55	0.19
Underweight	−3.23***	0.62
Age, Period, and Cohort Effects
Intercept	72.11***	1.35
Gender (ref: men)
Women	−0.79**	0.28
Linear ageb	−0.36***	0.05
Quadratic age	−0.002***	0.001
Birth cohort (ref: GenX)c
WW2	1.15	1.47
OBB	1.26	1.01
YBB	1.05	0.60
Periodd	0.04	0.05

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01

^***p < 0.0001.

^aGrowth model with random intercept and age.

^bAge was centered at 52 years.

^cWW2 = World War II cohort, OBB = Older baby boomer, YBB = Younger baby boomer, GenX = Generation X.

^dYears since baseline.