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Overall survival by implant technique. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were not significantly different between the two groups (Peto’s test p = 0.263). The group we denominated ‘thoracotomy’ comprises two subgroups with survival curves overlaid: patients with surgically-implanted left ventricle leads as the first approach and patients with transvenous implantation failure, who were subsequently converted to thoracotomy.
