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Clinical characteristics
| Age (years) | 66.2 ± 12.2 (34 to 89) | |
| Sex (male: female) | 61:16 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.4 ± 2.9 (16.5 to 29.3) | |
| American Society of Anesthesiology | 1 | 17 (22%) |
| 2 | 60 (78%) | |
| Concurrent illness* | No | 40 (52%) |
| Yes | 37 (48%) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 23 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 | |
| Respiratory disease | 2 | |
| Liver disease | 1 | |
| Other operation | 13 | |
| Brain disorder | 3 | |
| Extent of lymph-node dissection | ||
| D1+ | 49 (64%) | |
| D2 | 28 (36%) | |
*Some patients had more than one comorbidity.
