Table 3. Comparison of energy, total choline, individual choline-containing compounds and betaine between colorectal cancer cases and controls.
| Cases (n = 890) | Controls (n = 890) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Median (25th, 75th) | Mean | SD | Median (25th, 75th) | P value | |
| Energy (kJ/day) | 6592 | 2057 | 6354 (5095, 7787) | 7336 | 2346 | 7002 (5668, 8573) | <0.01 |
| Total choline (mg/day) a | 142.0 | 56.47 | 132.7 (99.68, 176.4) | 164.9 | 63.89 | 158.2 (119.5, 201.7) | <0.01 |
| Choline from phosphatidylcholine (mg/day) a | 82.06 | 39.09 | 75.45 (52.92, 104.6) | 95.67 | 46.96 | 89.46 (64.38, 119.8) | <0.01 |
| Free choline (mg/day) a | 32.74 | 11.88 | 31.10 (24.10, 39.61) | 36.11 | 12.11 | 34.93 (27.31, 42.84) | <0.01 |
| Choline from glycerophosphocholine (mg/day) a | 10.37 | 5.92 | 8.51 (6.80, 11.56) | 14.13 | 8.59 | 11.04 (7.98, 18.06) | <0.01 |
| Choline from phosphocholine (mg/day) a | 12.92 | 7.09 | 11.56 (7.77, 16.93) | 14.02 | 6.82 | 12.81 (9.09, 17.58) | <0.01 |
| Choline from sphingomyelin (mg/day) a | 3.97 | 2.48 | 3.53 (2.27, 5.30) | 5.25 | 3.25 | 4.76 (2.94, 6.93) | <0.01 |
| Betaine (mg/day) a | 245.2 | 191.8 | 206.1 (116.7, 323.1) | 266.1 | 173.5 | 230.6 (150.5, 338.9) | <0.01 |
| Total choline+betaine (mg/day) a | 424.2 | 302.9 | 360.4 (224.7, 535.5) | 463.7 | 275.0 | 407.2 (289.0, 559.7) | <0.01 |
| Folate (ug/day) a | 215.4 | 53.02 | 210.3 (178.5, 244.8) | 240.3 | 64.20 | 233.6 (195.5, 277.6) | <0.01 |
| Beans(g/day) | 28.89 | 33.84 | 17.86 (8.02, 36.68) | 39.75 | 55.38 | 20.42 (8.32, 50.55) | <0.01 |
| Red meat(g/day) | 117.2 | 77.38 | 102.4 (68.57, 146.4) | 108.7 | 75.55 | 93.30 (58.03, 141.7) | <0.01 |
| Fish(g/day) | 54.95 | 55.93 | 39.17 (19.82, 71.43) | 135.3 | 133.6 | 86.31 (35.24, 198.4) | <0.01 |
a Intakes of total choline, individual choline-containing compounds and betaine were adjusted for the daily energy intake using the residual method.
Wilcoxon rank-sum test comparing the median consumption levels between cases and controls.