Table 6. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of colorectal cancer according to quartiles of five main choline-containing compounds intakes.
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Ptrend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choline from phosphatidylcholine | |||||
| No. Cases/Controls | 342/221 | 231/223 | 161/224 | 156/222 | |
| Crude OR (95%CI) | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.52–0.86) | 0.46 (0.36–0.60) | 0.45 (0.35–0.59) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) a | 1.00 | 0.62 (0.47–0.80) | 0.42 (0.32–0.56) | 0.44 (0.33–0.58) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) b | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.58–1.00) | 0.59 (0.44–0.80) | 0.81 (0.59–1.12) | 0.04 |
| Choline from glycerophosphocholine | |||||
| No. Cases/Controls | 366/221 | 279/224 | 160/224 | 85/221 | |
| Crude OR (95%CI) | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.59–0.96) | 0.43 (0.33–0.56) | 0.23 (0.17–0.31) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) a | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.53–0.89) | 0.37 (0.28–0.49) | 0.21 (0.15–0.29) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) b | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | 0.49 (0.36–0.65) | 0.30 (0.21–0.43) | <0.01 |
| Choline from phosphocholine | |||||
| No. Cases/Controls | 301/222 | 209/223 | 181/222 | 199/223 | |
| Crude OR (95%CI) | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.53–0.89) | 0.60 (0.46–0.78) | 0.66 (0.51–0.85) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) a | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.54–0.92) | 0.58 (0.44–0.77) | 0.60 (0.46–0.80) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) b | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.66–1.15) | 0.82 (0.61–1.01) | 0.95 (0.70–1.28) | 0.60 |
| Choline from sphingomyelin | |||||
| No. Cases/Controls | 335/223 | 280/222 | 184/223 | 91/222 | |
| Crude OR (95%CI) | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.66–1.07) | 0.55 (0.42–0.71) | 0.27 (0.20–0.37) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) a | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.64–1.08) | 0.54 (0.41–0.71) | 0.26 (0.19–0.36) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) b | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.74–1.28) | 0.66 (0.49–0.88) | 0.35 (0.25–0.49) | <0.01 |
| Free choline | |||||
| No. Cases/Controls | 335/223 | 225/222 | 170/224 | 160/221 | |
| Crude OR (95%CI) | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.52–0.87) | 0.51 (0.39–0.66) | 0.48 (0.37–0.63) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) a | 1.00 | 0.63 (0.49–0.83) | 0.47 (0.35–0.62) | 0.44 (0.33–0.59) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) b | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.60–1.03) | 0.70 (0.52–0.95) | 0.91 (0.65–1.57) | 0.29 |
a Odds ratio was adjusted for age (continuous), sex (men/women), residence (urban/rural), marital status (married/other), education (primary school or blow/secondary school/high school/college or above), income level (<2,000/2,001–5,000/5,001–8,000/>8,001), occupation (white collar worker/blue collar worker/farmer or other), family history of cancer (yes/no), smoking status (current/never or past), passive smoking (yes/no), alcohol drinking (yes/no), degree of physical activity (less active/moderate active/more active), and BMI (continuous).
b Odds ratio was adjusted for the various above confounders and folate intake (continuous).