Table 2. Probit regression models for contraceptive use (ref: non-users).
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1—Women | ||||||||
| Wealth index | ||||||||
| Linear | 0.464 | *** | 0.205 | *** | 0.214 | *** | - | |
| Difference | - | - | - | 0.180 | *** | |||
| Education (Ref: No formal education) | ||||||||
| Primary | - | 0.280 | *** | 0.300 | *** | 0.298 | *** | |
| Secondary or Higher | - | 0.658 | *** | 0.732 | *** | 0.725 | *** | |
| Religion (ref: Catholic) | ||||||||
| Evangelical/Pentecostal | - | -0.104 | -0.043 | -0.041 | ||||
| Zionist | - | -0.157 | * | -0.103 | -0.103 | |||
| Islamic | - | -0.048 | -0.026 | -0.032 | ||||
| Other | - | -0.260 | ** | -0.250 | *** | -0.251 | *** | |
| Age (ref: 20–24) | ||||||||
| 15–19 years | - | -0.090 | -0.091 | -0.092 | ||||
| 25–29 years | - | -0.027 | -0.064 | -0.064 | ||||
| 30–34 years | - | -0.142 | -0.210 | ** | -0.212 | ** | ||
| 35–39 years | - | -0.197 | * | -0.284 | *** | -0.287 | *** | |
| 40–44 years | - | -0.482 | *** | -0.584 | *** | -0.588 | *** | |
| 45–49 years | - | -0.695 | *** | -0.876 | *** | -0.880 | *** | |
| Marital status (ref: Married) | ||||||||
| Other | - | -0.059 | -0.052 | -0.054 | ||||
| Currently residing with husband/partner (ref: yes) | ||||||||
| No | - | -0.139 | * | -0.199 | ** | -0.200 | ** | |
| Other wives (ref: No) | ||||||||
| Yes | - | 0.042 | 0.046 | 0.047 | ||||
| Female occupation (ref: Not working) | ||||||||
| Working | - | 0.003 | 0.058 | 0.059 | ||||
| Distance to medical help (ref: no big problem) | ||||||||
| A big problem | - | -0.080 | -0.034 | -0.028 | ||||
| Living children (reference: 1) | ||||||||
| 0 | - | -0.965 | *** | -0.910 | ** | -0.908 | *** | |
| 2 | - | 0.195 | * | 0.277 | *** | 0.275 | *** | |
| 3 | - | 0.207 | * | 0.346 | ** | 0.346 | *** | |
| 4+ | - | 0.467 | *** | 0.639 | *** | 0.642 | *** | |
| Thresholds | 1.156 | *** | 1.666 | *** | 1.872 | *** | 1.837 | *** |
| Level 2—Communities | ||||||||
| Wealth index | ||||||||
| Wealth Index (PSU) | - | - | - | 0.260 | *** | |||
| Residence (ref: Rural) | ||||||||
| Urban | - | 0.123 | 0.130 | * | 0.084 | |||
| Region (ref:Nampula) | ||||||||
| Niassa | - | 0.384 | ** | 0.417 | ** | 0.416 | ** | |
| Cabo Delgado | - | -0.288 | -0.284 | -0.289 | ||||
| Nampula | - | -0.117 | -0.153 | -0.154 | ||||
| Tete | - | 0.710 | ** | 0.711 | *** | 0.696 | *** | |
| Manica | - | 0.362 | ** | 0.316 | * | 0.298 | * | |
| Sofala | - | 0.143 | 0.204 | 0.191 | ||||
| Inhambane | - | 0.415 | ** | 0.400 | ** | 0.373 | ** | |
| Gaza | - | 0.693 | ** | 0.701 | *** | 0.669 | *** | |
| Maputo | - | 0.724 | *** | 0.751 | *** | 0.694 | *** | |
| Var(u j) | - | - | 0.065 | *** | 0.065 | *** | ||
| ICC | 0.061 | 0.061 |
Notes: Residual variance is equal to 1;
*** (p < 0.001),
** (p < 0.01),
* (p < 0.05).