Table 3. Probit regression models for contraceptive use in urban and rural areas (ref: non-users).
| Model 4 - | Urban | Model 4 - | Rural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1—Women | ||||
| Wealth index | ||||
| Linear | - | - | ||
| Difference | 0.184 | ** | 0.188 | * |
| Education (Ref: No formal education) | ||||
| Primary | 0.338 | ** | 0.300 | *** |
| Secondary or Higher | 0.745 | *** | 0.686 | *** |
| Religion (ref: Catholic) | ||||
| Evangelical/Pentecostal | -0.134 | 0.031 | ||
| Zionist | -0.291 | ** | 0.057 | |
| Islamic | -0.001 | -0.101 | ||
| Other | -0.152 | -0.349 | ** | |
| Age (ref: 20–24) | ||||
| 15–19 years | -0.016 | -0.214 | ||
| 25–29 years | -0.117 | -0.007 | ||
| 30–34 years | -0.271 | ** | -0.171 | |
| 35–39 years | -0.490 | *** | -0.122 | |
| 40–44 years | -0.824 | *** | -0.390 | ** |
| 45–49 years | -1.248 | *** | -0.529 | *** |
| Marital status (ref: Married) | ||||
| Other | -0.053 | -0.053 | ||
| Currently residing with husband/partner (ref: yes) | ||||
| No | -0.319 | *** | -0.106 | |
| Other wives (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.046 | 0.029 | ||
| Female occupation (ref: Not working) | ||||
| Working | 0.102 | 0.043 | ||
| Distance to medical help (ref: no big problem) | ||||
| A big problem | -0.018 | -0.029 | ||
| Living children (reference: 1) | ||||
| 0 | -0.868 | *** | -0.916 | *** |
| 2 | 0.382 | *** | 0.139 | |
| 3 | 0.525 | *** | 0.149 | |
| 4+ | 0.832 | *** | 0.448 | *** |
| Thresholds | 1.373 | *** | 1.772 | *** |
| Level 2—Communities | ||||
| Wealth index | ||||
| Wealth Index (PSU) | 0.259 | *** | 0.475 | *** |
| Residence (ref: Rural) | ||||
| Urban | - | - | ||
| Region (ref:Nampula) | ||||
| Niassa | 0.061 | 0.564 | ** | |
| Cabo Delgado | -0.543 | * | -0.246 | |
| Nampula | -0.434 | -0.165 | ||
| Tete | -0.229 | 0.908 | *** | |
| Manica | -0.077 | 0.268 | ||
| Sofala | -0.368 | 0.357 | * | |
| Inhambane | -0.107 | 0.371 | * | |
| Gaza | 0.466 | * | 0.491 | ** |
| Maputo | 0.330 | 0.535 | * | |
| Var(u j ) | 0.001 | 0.102 | *** | |
| ICC | 0.001 | 0.093 |
Notes: Residual variance is equal to 1;
*** (p < 0.001),
** (p < 0.01),
* (p < 0.05).