Table 1. Characteristics of eligible patients at enrollment.
| Characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.5±11.0 |
| Male | 300(76.1%) |
| Etiology of cirrhosis | |
| Hepatitis B | 207(52.5%) |
| Hepatitis C | 27(6.9%) |
| Alcoholic | 146(37.1%) |
| Alcoholic plus hepatitis B | 26(6.6%) |
| Autoimmune liver disease | 32(8.1%) |
| Cryptogenic | 10(2.5%) |
| Potential precipitating events | |
| Bacterial infection | 230(58.4%) |
| Superimposed viral hepatitis or reactivation of hepatitis | 132(33.5%) |
| Alcohol | 92(23.4%) |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 54(13.7%) |
| Hepatotoxic drugs | 21(5.3%) |
| Clinical parameters | |
| Ascites | 221(56.1%) |
| HE | 67(17.0%) |
| Electrolytedisturbances | 292(74.1%) |
| Type of organ failure † | |
| Liver | 189(48.0%) |
| Coagulation | 130(33.0%) |
| Cerebral | 38(9.6%) |
| Kidney | 28(7.1%) |
| Circulation | 6(1.5%) |
| Lungs | 4(1.0%) |
| Laboratory parameters | |
| WBC (×109/L) | 6.5(4.4–9.9) |
| PLT (×109/L) | 74.0(47.8–108.8) |
| ALB (g/L) | 27.8±4.9 |
| ALT (U/L) | 66.0(35.0–255.5) |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 198.1(131.3–306.4) |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.6(3.8–9.0) |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 60.0(49.0–82.3) |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 134.0(129.8–137.1) |
| INR | 2.2(1.8–2.6) |
| PT (sec) | 23.8(20.6–27.6) |
| Severity scores | |
| CTP | 12.0(11.0–13.0) |
| MELD | 19.0(14.0–23.0) |
| MELD-Na | 20.9(16.0–28.3) |
| CLIF-SOFA | 7.0(6.0–8.0) |
Categorical variables expressed as number (%), non-normal continuous variables as median (Q1–Q3) and normal continuous variables as mean ± SD.
HE, hepatic encephalopathy; HRS, hepatorenal syndrome; WBC, white blood cells; PLT, platelet; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatine; INR, international normalized ratio; PT, prothrombin time; CTP, child-turcotte-pugh; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; CLIF-SOFA, chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment.
†Organ failure was defined based on the CLIF-SOFA score.