Table 2. Comparison of baseline characteristics between patients with and without progression to post-enrollment EASL-CLIF ACLF.
| Characteristics at baseline | Patients with progression to post-enrollment EASL-CLIF ACLF (N = 83) | Patients without progression to post-enrollment EASL-CLIF ACLF (N = 193) | P value † |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age(years) | 49.4±9.9 | 49.7±10.8 | 0.81 |
| Male sex | 63(75.9%) | 142(71.7%) | 0.69 |
| Etiology of cirrhosis | |||
| Hepatitis B | 44(53.0%) | 102(52.8%) | 0.98 |
| Hepatitis C | 8(9.6%) | 12(6.2%) | 0.32 |
| Alcoholic | 29(28.2%) | 69(35.8%) | 0.19 |
| Alcoholic plus hepatitis B | 8(9.6%) | 14(7.3%) | 0.50 |
| Autoimmune liver disease | 5(6.0%) | 21(10.9%) | 0.21 |
| Cryptogenic | 6(7.2%) | 4(2.1%) | 0.08 |
| Precipitating events | |||
| Bacterial infection | 50(60.2%) | 89(46.1%) | 0.03 |
| Superimposed viral hepatitis or reactivation of hepatitis | 36(43.4%) | 74(38.3%) | 0.43 |
| Alcohol | 18(21.7%) | 49(25.4%) | 0.51 |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 12(14.5%) | 15(7.8%) | 0.09 |
| Hepatotoxic drugs | 6(7.2%) | 11(5.7%) | 0.63 |
| Clinical parameters | |||
| Ascites | 64(77.1%) | 145(75.1%) | 0.73 |
| HE | 5(6.0%) | 12(6.2%) | 0.95 |
| Electrolyte disturbances | 65(78.3%) | 129(66.8%) | 0.06 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| WBC (×109/L) | 6.5(5.0–8.9) | 5.8(3.9–8.4) | 0.03 |
| PLT (×109/L) | 78.0(47.0–117.0) | 77.0(52.0–118.0) | 0.78 |
| ALB (g/L) | 28.9±4.0 | 27.9±4.8 | 0.09 |
| ALT (U/L) | 84.0(37.0–485.0) | 56.0(32.0–250.0) | 0.03 |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 183.3(131.8–305.5) | 162.6(120.8–252.0) | 0.06 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.3(3.8–8.2) | 5.0(3.6–7.0) | 0.26 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 58.0(49.0–73.0) | 56.0(48.0–72.0) | 0.53 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 134.2(130.2–136.2) | 135.0(131.3–137.6) | 0.10 |
| INR | 2.1(1.8–2.3) | 1.9(1.7–2.3) | 0.04 |
| PT (sec) | 22.9(20.7–25.3) | 21.9(19.4–24.7) | 0.03 |
| Severity scores | |||
| CTP | 12(10–12) | 11(10–12) | 0.53 |
| MELD | 17.8±6.0 | 16.0±5.3 | 0.02 |
| MELD-Na | 20.1(17.8–27.6) | 18.7(14.0–23.8) | 0.02 |
| CLIF-SOFA | 7(6–7) | 7(6–7) | 0.01 |
Categorical variables expressed as number (%), non-normal continuous variables as median (Q1–Q3) and normal continuous variables as mean ± SD.
ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; HRS, hepatorenal syndrome; WBC, white blood cells; PLT, platelet; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatine; INR, international normalized ratio; PT, prothrombin time; CTP, child-turcotte-pugh; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; CLIF-SOFA, chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment.
†P value of comparisons between patients with and without progression to post-enrollment EASL-CLIF ACLF.