Table 1. Demographics and clinical characteristics of all participants.

	ESRD (n = 22)	HC (n = 29)	P-value
Gender (M/F)	16/6	19/10	0.583 a
Age (yrs)	38 ± 10.5 (18–61)	42.1 ± 8.4 (28–61)	0.127 b
Education level (yrs)	11.4 ± 3.3 (4–16)	12.5 ± 3.4 (6–19)	0.245 b
Blood systolic pressure	155.3 ± 18.3 (102–190)	110.9± 15.1 (90–145)	<0.001 b
Blood diastolic pressure	90.1 ± 7.7 (70–100)	75.5 ± 6.7 (60–85)	<0.001 b
Dialysis duration (mths)	7.4 ±2.2 (2–10)
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.9 ± 1.4 (3.7–9.9)
Serum calciumc	9.0 ±0.9 (6.8–10.2)
Serum kalium (mmol/L)c	4.0 ±0.6(2.8–5.5)
Hemoglobin (g/L)c	95.4±22.6 (53–147)
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)c	1005.3± 227.6 (672–1357)
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)c	22.9±7.2 (12.3–36.5)

Values are represented as mean ± SD (min—max). ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HC, healthy control.

^aThe P-value was obtained by chi-square test.

^bThe P-value was obtained by two-side two-sample t test.

^cData were missing for six patients.