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. 2014 Sep 11;6(2):140–149. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12272

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© 2014 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association of the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of cytokines in bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs). Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the differences of cytokine expression levels among BM-MNCs in the young non-diabetic (YN), adult non-diabetic (AN) and adult diabetic rats (AD). (a) The expression levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) decreased in BM-MNCs derived from AD compared with those from YN or AN. (b) Nerve growth factor (NGF) levels decreased in BM-MNCs derived from AD compared with AN. (c) There was no significant difference in the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) among those groups. *P < 0.05 vs YN, ^#P < 0.05 vs AN.