Table 1.

Screening factors and the 15 factors analyzed

Questionnaire
I. Check for diseases related to bone status*
Thyroid or parathyroid gland diseases, gastrectomy, kidney disease, RA, osteoporosis and prescribed calcium supplement
II. Age and physique status
1. Age
2. Height
3. Weight
4. BMI
III. Lifestyle-related factors
Daily calcium intake from diet
5. Glass of milk intake
1–2 times a day, once a day, once in 2–3 days, once a week, none at all
6. Small fish intake: smelts (semi-dried) or sardines (niboshi)
1–2 times a day, once a day, once in 2–3 days, once a week, none at all
Usual lifestyle and exercise
7. Regular exercise currently
8. Regular exercise at 20 years-of-age
9. Sunlight exposure
Mostly indoors, outdoors for or shopping or commuting, mostly working outdoors
Preferences
10. Cigarette smoking: smoking currently, smoked in the past or never smoked
11. Consumption of alcohol: drink daily, drink sometimes, never drank
Remaining no. teeth
12. No. remaining teeth
Patients' medical history
IV. Diabetes status
13. Presumed diabetes duration
14. Glycated hemoglobin
15. Treatment
16. Blood pressure
17. Retinopathy
18. Nephropathy

^*BMI, body mass index; RA, rheumatoid arthritis. These were excluded from the analysis.