Table 2.
Characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and controls
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n = 108) | Controls (n = 168) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (range) | 59.7 ± 10.0 (30–80) | 60.5 ± 11.7 (30–83) | 0.553 |
| Height, cm (range) | 162.1 ± 5.5 (152–178) | 160.6 ± 6.2 (147–177) | 0.044* |
| Weight, kg (range) | 65.3 ± 8.8 (46–88) | 63.8 ± 9.0 (45–94) | 0.161 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (range) | 24.8 ± 2.8 (19–33) | 24.7 ± 2.8 (18–34) | 0.704 |
| Duration of diabetes, years (range) | 12.7 ± 8.2 (0.8–32) | ||
| HbA1c (%) (NGSP) | 8.0 ± 1.8 (5.6–13.8) | ||
| Therapeutic modality | Diet (n = 32) | ||
| Insulin (n = 23) | |||
| OHA† (n = 53) | |||
| Sulfonylurea (n = 44) | |||
| α-Glucosidase inhibitor (n = 14) | |||
| Biguanide (n = 12) | |||
| Others (n = 1) | |||
| Bone stiffness (%) | 87.8 ± 14.8 | 87.9 ± 14.7 | 0.673 |
| Normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2) | 83.7 ± 16.3 (n = 51) | 88.6 ± 14.9 (n = 88) | 0.078 |
| Overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) | 90.2 ± 13.8 (n = 57) | 87.2 ± 14.4 (n = 80) | 0.227 |
| History of fracture | 10 (9.3%) | 12 (7.1%) | 0.401 |
| Smoking currently | 26 (24.1%) | 42 (25.0%) | 0.157 |
| Smoked in the past or never smoked | 82 (75.9%) | 124 (73.8%) | 0.157 |
| Unknown | – | 2 (1.2%) |
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program. Results are expressed as means ± SD (range). Analysis using Levene's test, Student's t-test or the chi square-test.
*
P < 0.05.
†
Oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), some patients took more than one drug. No patients took pioglitazone.