Table 3.
Background characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
| Characteristic | Classification | n (%) n = 108 | Stiffness (%) mean ± SD | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure | Normal pressure (120–139 mmHg/80–89 mmHg) | 54 (50.0) | 87.2 ± 15.4 | 0.323 |
| Hypertension (≥140 mmHg/90 mmHg or under treatment) | 51 (47.2) | 88.1 ± 15.1 | ||
| Hypotension (<120 mmHg/80 mmHg) | 3 (2.8) | 69.7 ± 7.2 | ||
| Retinopathy | No diabetic retinopathy | 56 (51.9) | 87.6 ± 14.8 | 0.453 |
| Simple diabetic retinopathy | 28 (25.9) | 85.3 ± 16.8 | ||
| Preproliferative diabetic retinopathy | 7 (6.5) | 89.3 ± 10.8 | ||
| Proliferative diabetic retinopathy | 10 (9.3) | 85.0 ± 18.4 | ||
| Unknown | 7 (6.5) | 91.6 ± 14.6 | ||
| Nephropathy | Grade 1 (normal or high: GFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 61 (56.5) | 87.4 ± 15.4 | 0.379 |
| Grade 2 (mildly decreased: GFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 36 (33.3) | 85.1 ± 16.0 | ||
| Grade 3a (mildly or moderately decreased: GFR 45–59 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 11 (10.2) | 93.0 ± 11.9 |
GFR, glomerular filtration rate; SD, statdard deviation. Results are means ± SD. No patients were undergoing dialysis or receiving vitamin D treatment. *P < 0.05, analysis using analysis of variance, with no significant differences.