Table 4.
Oral Health Outcomes Associated with Poverty and Race/Ethnicity in U.S. Older Adults (NHANES 2005–2008).
| Fair/Poor Self-Rated Oral Health | NHANES-OHIP Score | Potential Chewing Difficulty (<20 Teeth) | Number of Permanent Teeth | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio* (OR) (95% CI) | P-value | β-coefficient† (95% CI) | P- value | Odds Ratio* (OR) (95% CI) | P-value | β-coefficient† (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Living in Poverty | ||||||||
| No | Reference | -- | Reference | -- | Reference | -- | Reference | -- |
| Yes | 1.39 (1.02–1.88) | 0.037 | 1.38 (0.62–2.13) | <0.001 | 1.58 (1.06–2.36) | 0.024 | −2.21 (−3.67, −0.76) | 0.003 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | Reference | -- | Reference | -- | Reference | -- | Reference | -- |
| Black | 1.75 (1.36–2.23) | <0.001‡ | 0.24 (−0.29–0.77) | 0.738‡ | 2.73 (1.98–3.79) | <0.001‡ | −3.06 (−4.26, −1.86) | <0.001‡ |
| Hispanic | 2.07 (1.51–2.84) | <0.001‡ | 0.95 (0.34–1.56) | 0.005‡ | 0.76 (0.51–1.14) | 0.375‡ | 2.10 (0.45–3.75) | 0.026‡ |
Analyses adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, health insurance, modified Charlson co-morbidity index and smoking status
NHANES-OHIP: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-Oral Health Impact Profile
*
Results from logistic regression analyses
†
Results from linear trend analyses
‡
Bonferroni corrected P-value