Figure 3.

Defects in NOD2 sensing of PGN promote excessive intestinal bacterial adherence

• A-D The number of ampicillin-resistant E. coli cfu per cm of gut mucosa in the duodenum (A), jejunum (B), ileum (C), and colon (D) 2 h after oral administration of 10⁹ cfu of WT E. coli in WT (n = 4) and NOD2^−/− (n = 6) mice or ΔamiA E. coli in WT (n = 5) and NOD2^−/− (n = 6) mice. *Significantly different from WT mice, *P = 0.04, **P = 0.02, and ***P = 0.01.
• E FITC detected in the serum 4 h after oral gavage of FITC-dextran in chow-fed WT (n = 4) and NOD2^−/− mice (n = 3) and HFD-fed WT (n = 4) and NOD2^−/− mice (n = 5) mice, ^#Significantly different from chow-fed mice, P = 0.02.
• F-J Quantification of tight junction markers occludin (F) and TJP1 (G) and mucins (H–J) in the small intestine (SI), illeum, and colon of chow-fed WT (n = 9), chow-fed NOD2^−/− (n = 8), HFD-fed WT (n = 9), and HFD-fed NOD2^−/− mice (n = 7). ^{^}Significantly different from chow-fed mice in the same gut segment, P = 0.002. ^$Significantly different from WT HFD-fed mice in the same gut segment, P = 0.0001.

Data information: A 1-way ANOVA was used for comparisons between more than two conditions. Tukey's post-hoc test was used. Values are mean ± SEM.