Table 1. Characteristics of the study participants (n = 39,657), India 2005–06.
| Selected characteristics | Women age 15–49 years | |
|---|---|---|
| Number | % | |
| Maternal factors | ||
| Pre-eclampsia or Eclampsia symptoms | ||
| No | 39155 | 98.8 |
| Yes | 456 | 1.2 |
| Dietary diversity | ||
| Inadequate | 27275 | 68.9 |
| Adequate | 12337 | 31.1 |
| Iron and folic acid supplementation | ||
| No | 13646 | 34.6 |
| Yes | 25809 | 65.4 |
| Missing cases | 157 | 0.4 |
| Duration of iron and folic acid supplementation | ||
| <90 days | 29588 | 74.7 |
| ≥90 days | 10024 | 25.3 |
| Parity | ||
| 1 | 10453 | 26.4 |
| 2 | 11370 | 28.7 |
| 3 | 6810 | 17.2 |
| 4 and above | 11005 | 27.8 |
| Preceding birth interval | ||
| First order birth | 10546 | 26.6 |
| Interval <2 years | 7124 | 18.0 |
| Interval 2-3 years | 9538 | 24.1 |
| Interval 3 years or more | 12448 | 31.4 |
| Type of pregnancy | ||
| Singleton | 39298 | 99.1 |
| Multiple | 359 | 0.9 |
| Terminated pregnancy | ||
| Never | 32319 | 81.5 |
| Ever | 7338 | 18.5 |
| Anaemia level | ||
| Not anaemic | 14939 | 40.1 |
| Mild | 15082 | 40.4 |
| Moderate | 6616 | 17.7 |
| Severe | 652 | 1.7 |
| Missing cases | 2362 | 6.0 |
| Number of ANC visits | ||
| No visit | 9020 | 22.8 |
| 1-3 | 9696 | 24.5 |
| 4 or more | 20895 | 52.8 |
| Healthcare access | ||
| Public medical sector | 11303 | 31.3 |
| NGO Trust Hospital/Clinic | 113 | 0.3 |
| Private Medical Sector | 24591 | 68.1 |
| Other sources | 119 | 0.3 |
| Missing cases | 3486 | 8.8 |
| Health and Lifestyle factors | ||
| Body Mass Index | ||
| Underweight (≤18.5 kg/m2) | 11592 | 30.5 |
| Normal (18.5-22.9 kg/m2) | 20714 | 54.4 |
| Overweight (23.0-24.9 kg/m2) | 2770 | 7.3 |
| Obese (≥25.0 kg/m2) | 3226 | 14.7 |
| Missing cases | 1609 | 4.1 |
| Smoking tobacco | ||
| No | 39049 | 98.5 |
| Yes | 608 | 1.5 |
| Smokeless tobacco use | ||
| No | 36333 | 91.7 |
| Yes | 3278 | 8.3 |
| Drinks alcohol | ||
| No | 38735 | 97.7 |
| Yes | 911 | 2.3 |
| Missing cases | 11 | 0.0 |
| Current medical conditions | ||
| Diabetes | ||
| No | 39123 | 98.7 |
| Yes | 160 | 1.3 |
| Missing cases | 20 | 0.1 |
| Asthma | ||
| No | 39163 | 98.8 |
| Yes | 470 | 1.2 |
| Missing cases | 24 | 0.1 |
| Socioeconomic and demographic factors | ||
| Age | ||
| 15-29 y | 29190 | 73.6 |
| 30-39 y | 9421 | 23.8 |
| 40-49 y | 1047 | 2.6 |
| Education | ||
| No education | 18783 | 47.4 |
| Primary | 5550 | 14.0 |
| Secondary | 12959 | 32.7 |
| Higher | 2365 | 6.0 |
| Missing cases | 1 | 0.0 |
| Religion | ||
| Hindu | 31280 | 78.9 |
| Muslim | 6482 | 16.3 |
| Christian | 814 | 2.1 |
| Sikhs | 514 | 1.3 |
| Others | 568 | 1.4 |
| Caste/tribe | ||
| Scheduled caste | 7945 | 20.1 |
| Scheduled tribes | 3742 | 9.5 |
| Disadvantaged class | 15878 | 40.2 |
| General | 10845 | 27.5 |
| Missing caste | 1089 | 2.8 |
| Missing cases | 158 | 0.4 |
| Occupation | ||
| Not working | 24710 | 62.4 |
| Professional/technical/managerial | 670 | 1.7 |
| Clerical/Sales | 566 | 1.4 |
| Agricultural work | 9950 | 25.1 |
| Services | 715 | 1.8 |
| Skilled and unskilled-Mannual | 2991 | 7.6 |
| Missing cases | 9 | 0.0 |
| Wealth index | ||
| Poorest | 9566 | 24.1 |
| Poorer | 8600 | 21.7 |
| Middle | 7769 | 19.6 |
| Richer | 7256 | 18.3 |
| Richest | 6466 | 16.3 |
| Place of residence | ||
| Urban | 10622 | 26.8 |
| Rural | 29035 | 73.2 |
| Geographic Regions | ||
| North | 5678 | 12.8 |
| Northeast | 1613 | 4.1 |
| Central | 11111 | 28.0 |
| East | 10042 | 25.3 |
| West | 5117 | 12.9 |
| South | 6696 | 16.9 |
| Total | 39657 | 100.0 |
Note: Number of women varies slightly for individual variables depending on the number of missing values