Table 5. Smoking status of the participants.
| Male (n = 288) | Female (n = 547) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean(SD) | 2001 | 2010 | P | 2001 | 2010 | P |
| CPD | 13.1 (8.3) | 13.0 (9.4) | 0.771 | 9.4 (9.2) | 9.7 (8.3) | 0.792 |
| SI | 24.0 (9.1) | 25.4 (9.4) | 0.017 | 24.7 (10.0) | 26.2 (10.4) | 0.140 |
| Years of smoking | 33.6 (11.8) | 37.3 (14.3) | <0.001 | 31.8 (13.0) | 37.0 (14.6) | 0.001 |
| CPD (P) | 12.5 (7.5) | 9.5 (8.3) | 0.182 | 12.7 (7.8) | 13.3 (13.6) | 0.643 |
| Years of passive smoking | 19.6 (11.7) | 22.8 (13.3) | 0.164 | 30.4 (13.7) | 35.3 (15.7) | 0.002 |
| % (95% CI) | ||||||
| Active smoking status | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Current | 26.0 (20.9–31.1) | 16.3 (12.0–20.6) | <0.001 | 7.9 (5.6–10.1) | 4.0 (2.4–5.7) | <0.001 |
| Former | 30.9 (25.5–36.3) | 40.6 (34.9–46.3) | <0.001 | 4.8 (3.0–6.5) | 9.1 (6.7–11.6) | <0.001 |
| Never | 43.1 (37.3–48.8) | 43.1 (37.3–48.8) | 0.918 | 87.4 (84.6–90.2) | 86.8 (84.0–89.7) | 0.936 |
| Current smoking prevalence | ||||||
| 60–69 | 28.2 (22.2–34.2) | 18.6 (13.5–23.8) | <0.001 | 7.7 (5.3–10.0) | 3.9 (2.2–5.7) | <0.001 |
| 70–79 | 20.3 (10.2–30.4) | 9.4 (2.0–16.7) | <0.001 | 8.1 (1.1–15.0) | 4.8 (0.6–10.3) | 0.015 |
| ≥80 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Passive smoking | 18.4 (13.9–22.9) | 22.6 (17.7–27.4) | <0.001 | 35.8 (31.8–39.9) | 35.1 (31.1–39.1) | <0.001 |
| 60–69 | 20.9 (15.5–26.3) | 24.6 (18.8–30.3) | <0.001 | 36.4 (32.1–40.8) | 35.0 (30.7–39.3) | <0.001 |
| 70–79 | 10.9 (3.1–18.8) | 17.2 (7.7–26.7) | 0.091 | 29.0 (17.4–40.7) | 33.9 (21.8–46.0) | 0.037 |
| ≥80 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | 2 (100.0) | ||
| Places | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Family | 12.5 (8.7–16.3) | 18.8 (14.2–23.3) | <0.001 | 34.6 (30.6–38.6) | 33.1 (29.1–37.1) | <0.001 |
| Work | 5.6 (2.9–8.2) | 2.8 (0.9–4.7) | 0.487 | 1.1 (0.2–2.0) | 1.1 (0.2–2.0) | 0.795 |
| Public | 0.4 (0.3–1.0) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 0.933 | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 0.9 (0.1–1.7) | 0.923 |
| Source | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Couple | 5.6 (2.9–8.2) | 2.8 (0.9–4.7) | <0.001 | 28.9 (25.1–32.7) | 14.6 (11.7–17.6) | <0.001 |
| Off-springs | 6.6 (3.7–9.5) | 16.7 (12.3–21.0) | <0.001 | 4.4 (2.7–6.1) | 17.7 (14.5–20.9) | <0.001 |
| Colleagues | 5.2 (2.6–7.8) | 3.1 (1.1–5.2) | 0.475 | 1.1 (0.2–2.0) | 1.7 (0.6–2.7) | 0.750 |
| Others | 1.0 (0.1–2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1.5 (0.5–2.5) | 0.9 (0.1–1.7) | 0.784 | |
P is for 2001 vs. 2010
Data are mean (SD) for continuous values or % (95% CI) for category value
CPD = cigarettes per day
SI = age of smoking initiation.