Table 2. General characteristics, physical health status, and health-related behaviors by alcohol consumption patterns and sex.
| Variables | Men (n = 3,408) | Women (n = 3,361) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zone I (n = 1,697) | Zone II (n = 974) | Zone III (n = 368) | Zone IV (n = 369) | P-value (Sheffe) | Zone I (n = 3,033) | Zone II (n = 264) | Zone III (n = 34) | Zone IV (n = 30) | P-value (Sheffe) | ||
| Mean (SE) or % (SE) | Mean (SE) or % (SE) | ||||||||||
| Age | 57.0 (0.4) * | 52.8 (0.4) * | 51.9 (0.5) * | 51.7 (0.6) * | <0.001 (II, III, and IV ˂ I) | 54.6 (0.3) * | 51.1 (0.6) * | 46.1 (1.2) * | 48.7 (1.0) * | <0.001 (II and II ˂ I) | |
| BMI | 23.7 (0.1) * | 24.5 (0.1) * | 24.2 (0.2) * | 24.2 (0.2) * | 0.002 (II, III, and IV ˃ I) | 23.9 (0.1) * | 24.3 (0.3) * | 24.9 (0.9) * | 25.1 (0.7) * | 0.019 (II, III, and IV ˃ I) | |
| Spouse (have) | 93.0 (0.8) | 92.0 (1.2) | 93.4 (1.6) | 89.7 (2.2) | 0.316 | 79.6 (0.9) | 76.8 (3.1) | 92.2 (4.3) | 91.1 (5.2) | 0.093 | |
| Living area (rural) | 25.7 (2.7) | 22.8 (2.8) | 26.7 (3.8) | 27.8 (4.3) | 0.427 | 23.8 (2.4) | 22.0 (4.8) | 18.8 (7.5) | 17.6 (8.0) | 0.820 | |
| Educational status (≤9 years) | 39.3 (1.6) | 32.4 (2.0) | 31.1 (2.8) | 38.2 (3.1) | 0.008 | 50.7 (1.4) | 54.8 (3.9) | 51.0 (9.8) | 60.4 (10.3) | 0.580 | |
| Economic status (lowest) | 23.1 (1.3) | 14.5 (1.3) | 7.7 (1.3) | 16.1 (2.3) | <0.001 | 20.9 (1.0) | 16.5 (3.4) | 7.9 (4.3) | 29.7 (10.1) | 0.183 | |
| Sleep time | 6.9 (0.0) * | 6.8 (0.0) * | 6.8 (0.1) * | 6.8 (0.1) * | 0.273 | 6.6 (0.0) * | 6.6 (0.1) * | 6.5 (0.2) * | 6.8 (0.3) * | 0.761 | |
| Regular exercise (yes) | 21.0 (1.3) | 24.4 (1.6) | 22.8 (2.4) | 28.4 (3.1) | 0.054 | 18.8 (0.9) | 23.1 (3.0) | 47.8 (9.8) | 22.1 (8.0) | 0.002 | |
| Smoking status | Never smoked | 26.9 (1.7) | 14.6 (1.4) | 13.9 (2.4) | 10.4 (2.4) | <0.001 | 94.9 (0.5) | 80.3 (3.1) | 65.4 (8.8) | 71.2 (9.2) | <0.001 |
| Ex-smoker | 32.1 (2.0) | 23.8 (2.0) | 22.9 (3.1) | 18.0 (2.7) | 1.8 (0.3) | 4.4 (1.7) | 6.7 (6.2) | 4.6 (4.5) | |||
| Current smoker | 41.0 (1.9) | 61.6 (2.2) | 63.2 (3.4) | 71.5 (3.2) | 3.3 (0.4) | 15.3 (2.7) | 27.9 (10.2) | 24.2(8.5) | |||
| Alcohol | None | 28.2 (1.4) | . | . | . | <0.001 | 24.4 (1.0) | . | . | . | <0.001 |
| Consumption | Mild to moderate | 69.6 (1.4) | 49.7 (1.9) | 24.4 (2.4) | 8.7 (1.8) | 75.3 (1.0) | 69.7 (3.1) | 34.4 (11.2) | 34.7 (9.8) | ||
| Heavy | 2.2 (0.4) | 50.3 (1.9) | 75.6 (2.4) | 91.3 (1.8) | 0.3 (0.1) | 30.3 (3.1) | 65.6 (11.2) | 65.3 (9.8) | |||
| Chronic disease | Circulatory | 31.5 (1.4) | 33.8 (1.8) | 28.3 (2.6) | 27.8 (2.9) | 0.200 | 32.4 (1.0) | 25.0 (3.1) | 19.8 (7.4) | 33.4 (11.3) | 0.130 |
| Musculoskeletal | 6.4 (0.7) | 4.9 (0.8) | 4.1 (1.0) | 2.6 (0.8) | 0.014 | 21.8 (0.9) | 12.8 (2.2) | 6.9 (3.7) | 8.8 (4.7) | <0.001 | |
| Respiratory | 9.9 (0.9) | 8.2 (1.1) | 6.6 (1.4) | 8.5 (1.7) | 0.315 | 8.6 (0.6) | 5.7 (1.5) | 7.6 (3.9) | 18.4 (9.3) | 0.129 | |
| Liver | 2.5 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.4) | 3.3 (1.2) | 0.081 | 6.3 (0.5) | 7.3 (1.7) | 4.7 (3.5) | 17.8 (7.0) | 0.058 | |
| Cancer | 4.1 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) | 2.9 (1.2) | 2.0 (0.9) | 0.028 | 5.0 (0.5) | 2.3 (0.8) | . | 4.0 (2.9) | . | |
| Diabetes | 13.4 (1.0) | 11.1 (1.2) | 13.0 (2.2) | 10.7 (1.9) | 0.433 | 13.2 (0.7) | 12.3 (2.1) | 9.2 (5.0) | 8.9 (7.9) | 0.871 | |
| Depression | 4.4 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.7) | 3.9 (1.1) | 1.6 (0.7) | 0.019 | 1.7 (0.3) | 2.3 (1.0) | . | 1.7 (1.7) | . | |
* Note: Mean (SE)