FIGURE 1.

Mechanism of SAR and flowering induction. Local pathogen inoculation induces local defense and mobile SAR signals (such as SA, Pip, G3P, Aza, MeSA, JA, DA, and DIR1) that travel to distal parts through phloem for SAR activation. The generated SAR signals are capable of SAR induction in leaves that develop after the primary induction (Caruso and Kuc, 1977). Exogenous application of these mobile signals also induces resistance throughout the plant. Light quality and quantity influences floral regulators like FT that also travels through the phloem to modify the shoot apex to produce flowers instead of leaves.