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. 2015 Mar 19;6:174. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00174

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Copyright © 2015 Banday and Nandi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Genetic and epigenetic control of flowering and SAR. Plasma membrane (PM) resident BAK1 associates with both BRI1 and PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) which are required for BR and PTI signaling respectively. BSU1 phosphatase is activated by BRI1 and BAK1. BSU1 dephosphorylates and inactivates BIN2, and thereby activates BZR1 and BR signaling. BZR1 negatively regulates FLD expression. Activation of PTI activates BIK1, which suppress BZR1 and thereby may promote expression of FLD. FLD transcriptionally suppress FLC, the floral repressor. FLC protein is stabilized through interaction with AtSIZ1. AtSIZ1 functions as negative regulator for both flowering and SAR. The PIE1, ARP6 and SEF complex, and HTA9, HTA11 promote histone variant incorporation and biosynthesis, and thus promote transcription of FLC and unknown SAR suppressors.