Table 6.
Dietary total polyphenol intake in the study groups (mg GAE/person/day)
| Plant food and beverages | Men | P | Women | P | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVD patients (n = 357) | Healthy control (n = 357) | CVD patients (n = 286) | Healthy control (n = 286) | |||||||
| Mean 95% CI | Median 25-75 percentile | Mean 95% CI | Median 25-75 percentile | Mean 95% CI | Median 25-75 percentile | Mean 95% CI | Median 25-75 percentile | |||
| Beverages 1 | 421.1 (395–447) | 388 (279–541) | 451.9 (426–477) | 426 (284–594) | 0.05 | 405.1 (380–431) | 378 (279–541) | 389.2 (365–413) | 355 (232–533) | 0.35 |
| tea infusion2 | 286.7 (265–309) | 299.3 (278–320) | 258.3 (238–279) | 242.2 (224–260) | ||||||
| coffee infusion3 | 111.3 (95–128) | 115.7 (101–131) | 129.0 (111–147) | 131.2 (113–149) | ||||||
| others4 | 23.1 (16–30) | 36.9 (25–48) | 17.8 (10–26) | 15.8 (10–22) | ||||||
| Vegetables | 322.1 (255–389) | 228 (136–338) | 280.8 (240–321) | 230 (151–338) | 0.63 | 236.7 (184–289) | 186 (100–255) | 228.8 (182–276) | 179 (96–283) | 0.65 |
| potatoes | 95.4 (87–104) | 107.3 (98–116) | 67.8 (60–76) | 76.6 (68–85) | ||||||
| cabbage5 | 109.7 (45–175) | 54.3 (17–92) | 60.7 (11–110) | 59.2 (15–104) | ||||||
| tomatoes | 25.9 (21–31) | 25.2 (20–30) | 29.7 (23–36) | 20.3 (15–25) | ||||||
| carrots | 8.4 (7–10) | 9.4 (8–11) | 8.4 (6–11) | 8.3 (7–10) | ||||||
| onions | 16.9 (14–20) | 16.6 (14–19) | 12.9 (11–15) | 13.1 (11–15) | ||||||
| beetroots | 21.1 (14–28) | 24.1 (15–33) | 18.0 (10–26) | 15.9 (9–23) | ||||||
| cauliflower | 4.1 (1–7) | 4.2 (2–7) | 7.5 (3–12) | 3.1 (1–5) | ||||||
| others6 | 40.4 (35–46) | 39.8 (35–45) | 31.8 (27–37) | 32.5 (28–37) | ||||||
| Fruit and jams | 224.5 (196–253) | 136 (0–348) | 187.6 (162–214) | 115 (0–267) | 0.06 | 288.6 (241–337) | 193 (11–385) | 227.8 (189–266) | 125 (5–299) | 0.02 |
| apples | 99.6 (85–114) | 77.5 (65–90) | 106.4 (90–123) | 81.7 (70–94) | ||||||
| bananas | 7.4 (3–11) | 12.7 (7–18) | 12.3 (7–18) | 11.3 (7–16) | ||||||
| strawberries | 25.5 (11–40) | 18.0 (7–29) | 49.7 (17–83) | 33.1 (12–54) | ||||||
| plums | 16.9 (8–25) | 27.1 (16–38) | 22.3 (13–31) | 23.1 (7–39) | ||||||
| pears | 5.7 (3–9) | 4.7 (2–8) | 6.6 (2–11) | 2.1 (0–4) | ||||||
| citrus fruits7 | 12.7 (5–21) | 10.5 (5–16) | 17.3 (7–28) | 10.4 (3–18) | ||||||
| grapes | 9.6 (2–17) | 5.3 (1–10) | 20.4 (8–33) | 15.6 (7–24) | ||||||
| sour cherries | 23.4 (13–34) | 6.2 (2–11) | 25.7 (7–44) | 26.5 (11–42) | ||||||
| others8 | 23.8 (16–32) | 25.7 (13–39) | 27.8 (17–39) | 24.1 (13–35) | ||||||
| Cereal products | 161.9 (152–172) | 146 (100–203) | 159.1 (148–170) | 142 (91–209) | 0.39 | 119.3 (110–129) | 100 (64–152) | 115.2 (106–125) | 102 (64–147) | 0.69 |
| white bread | 76.3 (69–84) | 87.1 (78–96) | 41.9 (36–48) | 45.4 (39–51) | ||||||
| others9 | 85.6 (76–95) | 72.1 (62–82) | 77.4 (68–87) | 69.7 (61–79) | ||||||
| Chocolates 10 | 21.5 (7–36) | 0 | 12.6 (4–21) | 0 | 0.69 | 10.2 (2–18) | 0 | 7.7 (1–14) | 0 | 0.62 |
| Nuts and seeds 11 | 46.6 (0–107) | 0 | 22.4 (3–41) | 0 | 0.99 | 15.1 (0–31) | 0 | 11.9 (0–27) | 0 | 0.74 |
| Total | 1198 (1096–1299) | 1034 (775–1356) | 1114 (1051–1177) | 999 (768–1312) | 0.46 | 1075 (997–1152) | 956 (703–1254) | 981 (909–1052) | 865 (644–1117) | 0.01 |
n – number, CI – confidence interval, CVD – cardiovascular disease, GAE - gallic acid equivalents.
For 1–11, see Table 2.