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. 2011 Dec 1;5(4):97–107. doi: 10.1016/j.esas.2011.08.001

Table 3.

Clinical study baseline demographics (overall)

Variable Result (N = 50)
Mean age (y) 39.7 ± 8.3
Gender
Female 22 (44.0%)
 Male 28 (56.0%)
Weight (kg) 75.0 ± 12.3
Height (m) 1.7 ± 0.09
Mean body mass index (kg/m2) 25.3 ± 3.0
Race
 Asian 1 (2%)
 White 49 (98%)
Significant systemic/concurrent disease 10 (20%)
Prior lumbar procedures 1 (2%)
Smoking history
 None or none in past 10 y 27 (54%)
 In past 10 y but none currently 7 (14%)
 Currently <1 pack/day 12 (24%)
 Currently >1 pack/day 4 (8%)
Work status
 Not working 22 (44%)
 Working full time 21 (42%)
 Working part time 4 (8%)
 Not applicable* 3 (6%)
Currently receiving disability benefits
 No 30 (60%)
 Yes, back only 20 (40%)
 Yes, other than back 0 (0.0%)
 Yes, back and other reasons 0 (0.0%)
Workers’ compensation in past year
 Yes 6 (12%)
 No 44 (88%)
Duration of back pain history
 Mean (mo) 85.8 ± 61.0
 Median (mo) 60
*

Housewife, retired, student, disabled, or wealthy.

Workers’ compensation status was determined in response to the question “Received in past year working compensation for back problems?”