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. 2015 Jan 30;61(3):979–989. doi: 10.1002/hep.27539

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© 2014 The Authors. Hepatology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Premalignant nodules harbor senescent hepatocytes and infiltrating lymphocytes. (A) Senescent hepatocytes in premalignant nodules of SRF-VP16^iHep mice express SA-β-galactosidase (upper) and p21 (middle), and display foci of infiltrating immune cells (red arrowheads, lower). No β-bal signal is seen in HCC (upper, right). Scale bar = 100 μm. (B) Western blotting of activated Caspase 3, including positive (+) and negative (–) protein controls. (C,D) Immunophenotyping (flow cytometry) identifies neutrophil (CD11b^highGr-1⁺) infiltration into nodular livers, macrophages (CD11b⁺F4/80⁺), and CD8⁺ T cells, while CD4⁺ T cells are decreased. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01. Values represent mean ± SEM.