FIGURE 2.

Models for changes in NE-genome interactions during differentiation. We illustrate three proposed mechanisms for genomic rearrangement during cell differentiation. (A) Repositioning of cell type specific genes: along the steps to a fully differentiated cell, genes required for pluripotency or an alternate differentiation pathway are repositioned to the transcriptionally repressive nuclear periphery. Genes required for differentiation or cell type maintenance are kept in the nuclear interior. (B) Expression of cell type specific NETs during cell differentiation repositions chromosomes or nuclear territories to the nuclear periphery, influencing their transcriptional activity. (C) Cell type specific genes can be repositioned to the NPC for transcriptional activation (black arrow) or other regulation (white), such as establishment of chromatin boundaries or non-expressed genes; NPC composition may change depending on the cell type, with some Nups, such as Nup210 (pink circles), expressed only in certain differentiated states.