MLN0128 downregulated key components of the two mTOR subpathways, TORC1 and TORC2. Quantitative immunoblot demonstrated downregulation of p-4EBP1, HIF1α, MTA1 and c-Myc in TSG cohort 1 by MLN0128 (a). In TSG cohort 3 (b), MLN0128 was superior to placebo and temsirolimus in downregulating p-4EBP1, p-S6K1 and HIF1α. In addition, temsirolimus significantly upregulated (S473)p-AKT compared to placebo. * indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05). (c) Expression of p-4EBP1 in parent tumors and derivative TSGs for cohorts 2 and 3, treated with placebo or MLN0128, as determined by immunohistochemistry. (d) Diagram of MLN0128 actions in RCC. The numbers on the columns are the numbers of mice in each arm. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]