Table 1.

African American men’s socio-demographic characteristics—1995 Detroit Area Study

	Total	Dark skin	Medium skin	Light skin	p-value
N (% of sample)	243 (100%)	80 (32.9%)	115 (47.3%)	48 (19.7%)
Age, mean (SD)	41.55 (16.7)	43.57 (15.9)	42.55 (17.6)	35.79 (14.5)	.075
Income scaled score, mean (SD)1	2.98 (1.4)	3.48 (1.4)	2.78 (1.3)	2.95 (1.2)	.001b,c
Income, percentages
<$10,000, %	17.5%	12.5%	22.6%	14.6%
$10,000–$19,999, %	16.2%	13.8%	17.4%	16.7%
$20,000–$39,999, %	29.9%	22.5%	31.3%	39.6%
$40,000–$59,999, %	16.8%	15.0%	17.4%	16.7%
$60,000+, %	19.5%	36.3%	11.3%	12.5%
Education scaled score, mean (SD)2	2.16 (.94)	2.09 (.96)	2.18 (.98)	2.25 (.84)	ns
Education, percentages
Did not complete high school, %	29.1%	32.5%	30.4%	20.4%
High school graduate/GED, %	33.7%	36.3%	31.3%	36.7%
Some college, %	28.8%	22.5%	28.7%	38.8%
College graduate, %	8.4%	8.8%	9.6%	4.1%
In-group appraisal, mean (SD)	3.01 (.55)	3.17 (.62)	2.87 (.48)	3.07 (.53)	.001b,c
% appraising worse in-group treatment	11.5%	17.5%	5.2%	16.7%
Out-group appraisal, mean (SD)	3.03 (.66)	3.30 (.49)	3.06 (.65)	2.51 (.63)	<.000a,b,c
% appraising worse out-group treatment	16.7%	28.8%	15.6%	0.0%
Self-esteem,3 mean (SD)	3.79 (.37)	3.75 (.36)	3.83 (.37)	3.79 (.40)	ns

Note. These measures above are statistically weighted.

¹Income is on a five-point scale with higher scores indicating higher household income

²Education is on a four-point scale with higher scores indicating higher education

³Self-esteem is on a four-point scale with higher scores indicating greater self-esteem

^*Superscripts indicate that there were statistically significant differences between the following pairs: a. light-skinned and dark-skinned; b. light-skinned and medium-skinned; c. medium-skinned and dark-skinned