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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 19.
Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Dec 14;18(3):280–289. doi: 10.1177/1074248412469299

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Probenecid induces increased intracellular calcium concentrations without an increase in cell death in HL-1 cells in vitro. A, Average cystolic fluorescence before and after various doses of probenecid (*P < .01 vs preperfusion). B, Dose–response curve of normalized fluorescence for various doses of probenecid. C, HL-1 cells treated with increasing doses of probenecid (41.7 ng/mL to 417 µg/mL) did not show any detectable cell death for 4, 8, or 24 hours following treatment. In contrast, treatment with 1 mmol/L isoproterenol resulted in significant cell death at just 4 hours and was indistinguishable from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-positive controls by 24 hours after treatment. *P < .001 versus untreated controls. **P < .001 versus untreated controls and not significantly different from H2O2 controls.